Insignia of the Galactic Space Police Brotherhood as seen on Haruko's helmet in some versions of her concept art, this Insignia was replaced with an emblem that says "DAVIDA" over the initials DM in the anime and manga.
The Galactic Space Police Brotherhood, also known as the Fraternity or Galactic Fraternity, is an extraterrestrial organization. Very little is known about this organization other than Haruko claiming that she's a 1st Class Space Patrol Officer, as well as the organization's name being stated in the manga, but not in the anime. It is currently unknown if this organization is a government, a society or just a unified military force; though it is likely at the very least the latter as it's implied that they are at war with Medical Mechanica and they have an apparent military ranking system.
Haruko is sometimes seen talking to Miyu Miyu, first referring to Naota as useless when his N.O. channel doesn't immediately yield results and later trying to convince someone that she doesn't have feelings for Atomsk. She's presumably using the cat to communicate with her superiors; it's possible that this works by using the cat's brain to transfer sound in the same way that Naota's N.O. channel can transfer matter.
In the anime, the only real presence of the Galactic Space Police Brotherhood is Haruko's communications with them through Miyu Miyu. In the manga, however, Haruko states that they are "the good guys," but they order an airstrike on Mabase in order to attack Medical Mechanica with disregard for the city's inhabitants. The Galactic Space Police Brotherhood is more ambiguous in the anime, while in the manga they seem malicious or just generally unconcerned with the safety of bystanders.